{"id":152214,"date":"2019-08-10T08:06:16","date_gmt":"2019-08-10T00:06:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/?p=152214"},"modified":"2019-08-06T15:00:39","modified_gmt":"2019-08-06T07:00:39","slug":"web-nginx-introduce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/web-nginx-introduce.html","title":{"rendered":"Nginx\u4ecb\u7ecd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nginx\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5341\u5206\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668,Nginx\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a\u201cengine X\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684HTTP\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aIMAP\/POP3\/SMTP \u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002Nginx\u662f\u7531\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba Igor Sysoev\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u8bbf\u95ee\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684 Rambler.ru\u7ad9\u70b9\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8be5\u7ad9\u70b9\u8fd0\u884c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e24\u5e74\u534a\u4e86\u3002Igor Sysoev\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u65f6,\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8eBSD\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u6587\u4e3b\u9875\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/nginx.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/nginx.net<\/a> \u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u52302013\u5e74\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5185\u7f51\u7ad9\u91c7\u7528Nginx\u4f5c\u4e3aWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u56fd\u5185\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u65b0\u6d6a\u3001163\u3001\u817e\u8baf\u3001Discuz\u3001\u8c46\u74e3\u7b49\u3002\u636enetcraft\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0cNginx\u6392\u540d\u7b2c3\uff0c\u7ea6\u536015%\u7684\u4efd\u989d(\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/news.netcraft.com\/archives\/category\/web-server-survey\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">http:\/\/news.netcraft.com\/archives\/category\/web-server-survey\/<\/a> )<\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u4ee5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u5339\u914dLighttpd\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709Lighttpd\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14Lighttpd\u7684mod_proxy\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u4e45\u6ca1\u6709\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0cIgor\u5c06\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u7c7bBSD\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u3002Nginx\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5e93\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0e\u4e1a\u754c\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662fApache2.2\uff0bmod_proxy_balancer\u7684\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u4ee3\u66ff\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u54cd\u5e94\u9759\u6001\u9875\u9762\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6570\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230Apache\u7684\u8fd12\/3\u3002\u5bf9proxy\u548crewrite\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u652f\u6301\u5f88\u5f7b\u5e95\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301mod_fcgi\u3001ssl\u3001vhosts \uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u505amongrel clusters\u7684\u524d\u7aefHTTP\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>nginx\u505a\u4e3aHTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>\u5904\u7406\u9759\u6001\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u52a8\u7d22\u5f15\uff1b\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u7f13\u51b2\uff0e<\/li>\n<li>\u65e0\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u5bb9\u9519\uff0e<\/li>\n<li>FastCGI\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u5bb9\u9519\uff0e<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5305\u62ecgzipping, byte ranges, chunked responses,\u4ee5\u53ca SSI-filter\u7b49filter\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7531FastCGI\u6216\u5176\u5b83\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5355\u9875\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u591a\u4e2aSSI\uff0c\u5219\u8fd9\u9879\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u4e92\u7b49\u5f85\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u652f\u6301SSL \u548c TLSSNI\uff0e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nginx\u4e13\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u91cf,\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u6ce8\u91cd\u6548\u7387 \u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5185\u6838Poll\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u80fd\u7ecf\u53d7\u9ad8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u8003\u9a8c,\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u8868\u660e\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u8fbe 50,000\u4e2a\u5e76\u53d1\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5176\u5b83HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6709\u4eba\u6076\u610f\u53d1\u8d77\u6162\u901f\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u8017\u5c3d\u9891\u7e41\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5f53\u524dapache\u4e00\u65e6\u4e0a\u5230200\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0cweb\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u660e\u663e\u975e\u5e38\u7f13\u6162\u4e86\u3002\u800cNginx\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u7684CPU\u4e0e\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u3002nginx\u5b98\u65b9\u8868\u793a\u4fdd\u630110,000\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u53602.5M\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3cDOS\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5bf9nginx\u6765\u8bf4\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u7528\u5904\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u800c\u8a00,nginx\u6bd4lighthttpd\u66f4\u80dc\u4e00\u7b79\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u652f\u6301\u70ed\u90e8\u7f72\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u7279\u522b\u5bb9\u6613, \u5e76\u4e14\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u52307*24\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd0\u884c\u6570\u4e2a\u6708\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u95f4\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7248\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5347\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u91c7\u7528master-slave\u6a21\u578b,\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528SMP\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u51cf\u5c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u7684\u963b\u585e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u5f53\u91c7\u7528select()\/poll()\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5f88\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u624b\u6cd5\u6210\u719f\uff0c \u6a21\u5757\u6269\u5c55\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7279\u522b\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Upstream\u4e0eFilter\u94fe\u3002Upstream\u4e3a\u8bf8\u5982reverse proxy,\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7f16\u5199\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u800cFilter\u94fe\u6700\u9177\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u4e2afilter\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u4e00\u4e2afilter\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u524d\u4e00\u4e2afilter\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u505a\u4e3a\u5f53\u524dfilter\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u70b9\u50cfUnix\u7684\u7ba1\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u538b\u7f29\u4ece\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u63a5\u6536\u5b8c\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u524d\u628a\u538b\u7f29\u6d41\u8f6c\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Nginx\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9bos\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7279\u6027\u5982\u5bf9sendfile (Linux2.2+)\uff0caccept-filter (FreeBSD4.1+)\uff0cTCP_DEFER_ACCEPT (Linux 2.4+)\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0cnginx\u8fd8\u5f88\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1aNginx\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u524d\u51e0\u5e74\u6587\u6863\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6587\u6863\u65b9\u9762\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u8d44\u6599\u5c45\u591a\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u4f9b\u67e5\u627e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>nginx\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u793e\u533a\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1nginx\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee5\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7387\u6765\u5206\u4eab\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nginx\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4eba\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u5341\u5206\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684HTTP\u670d\u52a1\u5668,Nginx\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u4e3a\u201cengine X\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1476,"featured_media":100942,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-152214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1476"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=152214"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":152219,"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152214\/revisions\/152219"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/100942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=152214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=152214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gulass.cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=152214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}