[经验]Ubuntu20.04全方位换系统
1.装机然后系统更新，设置软件源
2.安装系统驱动
3安装CUDA及CuDNN
4常用软件安装
Reference
0.原始系统备份0.1文件备份
推荐使用bcompare软件，这样原先早已备份的文件，如今要增量更新的话，用这个软件就便捷的。
operations中：
可以先通过compare保留一个最终的文件夹，之后通过同步按键同步文件夹。
若果是不同用户之间进行同步，须要使用root身分运行bcompare:
sudo QT_GRAPHICSSYSTEM=native bcompare
root模式下界面与普通用户界面略有不同，而且将就用没问题。
0.2.bashrc备份
该文件中会有好多后加打系统变量，如QT，自定义程序的路径等
$ cat /home/randy/.bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login s.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples
...
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH"
export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/home/randy/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
eval "$__conda_setup"
else
if [ -f "/home/randy/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
. "/home/randy/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
else
export PATH="/home/randy/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<
source /opt/ros/noetic/setup.bash
npm set prefix ~/.npm
PATH="$HOME/.npm/bin:$PATH"
PATH="./node_modules/.bin:$PATH"
PATH="$PATH:/home/randy/Downloads/Zotero_linux-x86_64/"
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/randy/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/PySide2/Qt/lib/:/home/randy/anaconda3/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
ulimit -c unlimited
#add QT ENV
# export QT_DEBUG_PLUGINS=1
# export PATH=/opt/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/bin:$PATH
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
# export QT_PLUGIN_PATH=/opt/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/plugins:$QT_PLUGIN_PATH
# export QML2_IMPORT_PATH=/opt/Qt5.14.2/5.14.2/gcc_64/qml:$QML2_IMPORT_PATH
alias randy='source /home/randy/codes/scripts_randy/shell/happyRandy.sh'
if [ -f /home/randy/codes/scripts_randy/shell/happyRandy-completion.bash ]; then
. /home/randy/codes/scripts_randy/shell/happyRandy-completion.bash
fi
___MY_VMOPTIONS_SHELL_FILE="${HOME}/.jetbrains.vmoptions.sh"; if [ -f "${___MY_VMOPTIONS_SHELL_FILE}" ]; then . "${___MY_VMOPTIONS_SHELL_FILE}"; fi
0.3编译好的代码、下载的软件、数据库备份文件备份
如编译好的pcl代码linux qq，Sourcetrail_2014_4_19_Linux_64bit程序ubuntu 安装 gcc 4.6，Zotero程序
数据库文件
$ ll db_randy/
total 743436
drwxrwxrwx 1 randy randy 0 3月 19 18:45 ./
drwxrwxrwx 1 randy randy 4096 3月 20 12:36 ../
-rwxrwxrwx 1 randy randy 761269678 3月 19 18:45 l4_db.sql*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 randy randy 1055 3月 19 18:45 secret.sql*
0.4虚拟机安装后的系统文件
例如VirtualBox虚拟机会在~/VirtualBoxVMs目录下保存已在虚拟机中安装的系统，可打包
0.5FileZilla站点保存
打开FileZilla后File->Export->Exportsettings选择站点导入
0.6docker环境、cuda文件夹和conda环境打包0.7软件安装源文件备份
/etc/apt/sources.list
deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb //typora.io linux/
# deb-src //typora.io linux/
deb //qgis.org/ubuntu jammy main
deb-src //qgis.org/ubuntu jammy main
0.8云认证文件备份0.9docker配置
$ cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["//docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
"insecure-registries": ["10.78.40.163:8080", "10.79.88.162:33123"],
"runtimes": {
"nvidia": {
"path": "nvidia-container-runtime",
"runtimeArgs": []
}
}
}
0.10主板驱动版本
$ nvidia-smi
Wed Mar 20 16:26:16 2024
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 525.147.05 Driver Version: 525.147.05 CUDA Version: 12.0 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA GeForce ... Off | 00000000:01:00.0 Off | N/A |
| N/A 57C P8 24W / 80W | 547MiB / 8192MiB | 2% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| 0 N/A N/A 1885 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 45MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 2832 G /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg 370MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 3031 G /usr/bin/gnome-shell 61MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 17821 G ...800993256175944622,262144 39MiB |
| 0 N/A N/A 22321 G ...RendererForSitePerProcess 19MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
sudo dpkg --list | grep nvidia-*
randy@Randy-HP-ZBook-G8:~/codes/scripts_randy/shell$ sudo dpkg --list | grep nvidia-*
[sudo] password for randy:
ii libnvidia-cfg1-525:amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
ii libnvidia-common-525 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 all Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
ii libnvidia-compute-525:amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package
ii libnvidia-compute-525:i386 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 i386 NVIDIA libcompute package
rc libnvidia-compute-535-server:amd64 535.161.07-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package
rc libnvidia-compute-550:amd64 550.54.14-0ubuntu0~gpu20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA libcompute package
ii libnvidia-decode-525:amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
ii libnvidia-decode-525:i386 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 i386 NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
ii libnvidia-encode-525:amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
ii libnvidia-encode-525:i386 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 i386 NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
ii libnvidia-extra-525:amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver
ii libnvidia-fbc1-525:amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
ii libnvidia-fbc1-525:i386 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 i386 NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
ii libnvidia-gl-525:amd64 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
ii libnvidia-gl-525:i386 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 i386 NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
rc linux-modules-nvidia-535-server-open-5.15.0-101-generic 5.15.0-101.111~20.04.1 amd64 Linux kernel nvidia modules for version 5.15.0-101
ii nvidia-compute-utils-525 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities
rc nvidia-compute-utils-535-server 535.161.07-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities
rc nvidia-compute-utils-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu0~gpu20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA compute utilities
ii nvidia-dkms-525 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package
rc nvidia-dkms-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu0~gpu20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA DKMS package
ii nvidia-driver-525 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA driver metapackage
ii nvidia-firmware-535-server-535.161.07 535.161.07-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 Firmware files used by the kernel module
ii nvidia-kernel-common-525 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module
rc nvidia-kernel-common-535-server 535.161.07-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module
rc nvidia-kernel-common-550 550.54.14-0ubuntu0~gpu20.04.1 amd64 Shared files used with the kernel module
ii nvidia-kernel-source-525 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA kernel source package
ii nvidia-prime 0.8.16~0.20.04.2 all Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
ii nvidia-settings 470.57.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.3 amd64 Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
ii nvidia-utils-525 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA driver support binaries
ii screen-resolution-extra 0.18build1 all Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
ii xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-525 525.147.05-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 amd64 NVIDIA binary Xorg driver
1.装机然后系统更新，设置软件源
首先进行系统更新，以及设置软件更新源
可以按下述配置设置setup_part1.sh并运行。
由于前面要安装主板驱动，所以将系统自带的nouveau驱动屏蔽，否则Nvidia驱动难以安装。
#!/usr/bin/env bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
SelectOS()
{
echo -e "e[1;35mselect OS:e[0m"
echo -e " 1) Ubuntu18.04"
echo -e " 2) Ubuntu20.04"
}
# 修改软件源
echo -e "e[1;32m修改软件源e[0m"
# sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
SelectOS
read -p "Choose OS system, please: " sysType
if [ sysType == 1 ]; then
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse" > /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
elif [ sysType == 2 ]; then
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse" > /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo echo "deb-src //mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
fi
# 安装驱动
echo -e "e[1;32m禁用系统自带驱动nouveaue[0m"
# sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo echo "blacklist nouveau" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo echo "options nouveau modeset=0" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo echo "alias nouveau off" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo echo "alias lbm-nouveau off" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
sudo update-initramfs -u
echo -e "e[1;32m请重启电脑:reboote[0m"
# 重启系统（一定要重启）
# vertification , no output is well
lsmod | grep nouveau
或则2行换源
sed -i s@/archive.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list
sed -i s@/security.ubuntu.com/@/mirrors.aliyun.com/@g /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get clean
apt-get update
2.安装系统驱动可通过ubuntuSoftware&Updates中的AdditionalDrivers安装
例如可选择460或470驱动，笔者选择了460。此步骤不装也行，CUDA安装包中包含安装驱动。选择的时侯不要选择tested版本，不稳定。
点击ApplyChanges可进行安装,安装完可输入下边查看是否安装成功
# 查看驱动是否安装成功
nvidia-smi
# 10s显示一次
watch -n 10 nvidia-smi
nvidia-smi -l
使用搜索可用的驱动
ubuntu-drivers devices
randy@Randy-HP-ZBook-G8:~/codes/scripts_randy/shell$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd0000249Dsv0000103Csd00008873bc03sc00i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
driver : nvidia-driver-550 - third-party non-free recommended
driver : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-525-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-545 - third-party non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-550-open - third-party non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-535 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-535-server-open - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-535-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-535-open - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-525 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-525-open - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-545-open - third-party non-free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.4 ==
modalias : pci:v00008086d000043A3sv0000103Csd00008873bc0Csc05i00
vendor : Intel Corporation
driver : oem-stella.cmit-mamoswine-meta - third-party free
安装驱动
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-XXX
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-525
安装完成后，输入nvidia-smi，
Notice
同一大版本系统（如Ubuntu20.04）ubuntu 安装 gcc 4.6，不同小版本的系统安装包，会造成系统推荐的主板驱动也不尽相同，驱动的版本号不一致。
ubuntu未能在附加驱动里选择其他主板驱动，只有继续使用自动安装的驱动选项
终端输入下边命令，之后重启。
sudo ubuntu-drivers install
假如里面界面为空，显示无附加驱动
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
sudo apt-get update
有时侯安装的时侯会报错linux安装教程，非常注意/boot文件[1]
看/boot分区是不是满了，若果满了的话通常清除内核文件
sudo apt-get autoremove #一般情况运行这个就可以，如果/boo分区占用减少就不能往下弄了
假如还不行，输入以下命令
df -h #查看/boot分区占用
sudo apt-get clean #下命令先清除空间，确认/boot分区已有足够空余。
uname -a #查看当前Linux系统的内核版本 或者 使用 uname -r
dpkg --get-selections | grep linux-image #查看已经安装的内核版本 选择状态为install的卸载
sudo apt-get remove linux-image-unsigned-5.4.0-110-generic #输入名字全称卸载就行
sudo apt-get autoremove # 清空不用的包,清除不需要的内核文件
3安装CUDA及CuDNN
按照自己笔记本主板配置及功能须要安装对应版本的CUDA，假如须要神经网路处理，就安装CuDNN。
相关版本下载：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
wget //developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.4.0/local_installers/cuda_11.4.0_470.42.01_linux.run
wget //developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.6.0/local_installers/cuda_11.6.0_510.39.01_linux.run
wget //developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.7.0/local_installers/cuda_11.7.0_515.43.04_linux.run
具体安装方式，可参考【Ubuntu20.04安装CUDA、cuDNN】[2]
卸载驱动
sudo /usr/bin/nvidia-uninstall
sudo apt-get --purge remove nvidia-*
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo apt-get purge libnvidia*
4常用软件安装4.1常用软件安装
首先安装搜狗输入法，提早下好安装包sogoupinyin_4.0.1.2800_x86_64.deb，再通过下边的一键究竟，沉溺式享受基本程序安装。
搜狗拼音安装比较麻烦，建议安装GooglePinyin[3]
sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh-hans
sudo apt-get install fcitx-googlepinyin
sudo apt-get install fcitx
im-config # 注意选择 fcitx
# 重启
fcitx-config-gtk3
基本程序包括：搜狗输入法、git、locate、cmake、flameshot、axel、nfs、cloudcompare、clang、filezilla、pcap环境等。
setup_part2.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# 常用软件
## 搜狗输入法
sudo apt-get install fcitx
sudo dpkg -i sogoupinyin_4.0.1.2800_x86_64.deb
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/
sudo apt purge ibus
sudo apt install libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 qml-module-qtquick2
sudo apt install libgsettings-qt1
echo -e "e[1;32msetup gite[0m"
sudo apt install git -y
echo -e "e[1;32msetup mlocatee[0m"
sudo apt install mlocate
echo -e "e[1;32msetup cmakee[0m"
sudo apt install cmake -y
echo -e "e[1;32msetup flameshote[0m"
sudo apt-get install flameshot
echo -e "e[1;32msetup axele[0m"
sudo apt-get install axel
echo -e "e[1;32msetup nfse[0m"
sudo apt-get install nfs-common -y
echo -e "e[1;32msetup cloudcomparee[0m"
snap install cloudcompare
echo -e "e[1;32msetup clang-formate[0m"
sudo apt-get install clang-format
echo -e "e[1;32msetup filezillae[0m"
sudo apt-get install filezilla
echo -e "e[1;32msetup pcape[0m"
sudo apt-get install libpcap-dev
# GNC C Compiler
# GNC C++ Compiler
# GNC C Library
# GNC make
echo -e "e[1;32msetup GNC C/C++ Compiler, C Library, makee[0m"
sudo apt install build-essential
sudo apt install python-pip
sudo apt install python3-pip
4.2Typora安装
#!/usr/bin/env bash
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BA300B7755AFCFAE
# or use wget -qO - //typora.io/linux/public-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository 'deb //typora.io linux/'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install typora
sudo snap install typora
4.3docker安装
setup_docker.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
green="e[1;32m"
reset="e[0m"
purple="e[1;35m"
bold="e[1m"
yellow="e[1;33m"
echo -e "${green}卸载掉系统里的docker${reset}"
sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
sudo apt-get update
echo -e "${green}添加HTTPS协议和CA证书 ${reset}"
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
echo -e "${green}Add Docker’s official GPG key:${reset}"
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL //download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo
"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] //download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu
$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
sudo apt-get update
echo -e "${green}Install Docker Engine, containerd, and Docker Compose${reset}"
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin
echo -e "${yellow}下列语句写入 /etc/docker/daemon.json 文件中。如文件不存在，则创建一个 ${reset}"
echo "{"
echo " "registry-mirrors": ["//docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"]"
echo "}"
read -p "modify the file from upper tips, then input any key." user_status
echo -e "${green}建立docker用户组 ${reset}"
sudo groupadd docker
echo -e "${green}将当前用户加入 docker 组 ${reset}"
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker
echo -e "${green}更新用户组 ${reset}"
newgrp docker
echo -e "${green}修改docker权限 ${reset}"
sudo chmod a+rw /var/run/docker.sock
echo -e "${green}重启终端或重启docker${reset}"
sudo systemctl restart docker
echo -e "${green}查看docker版本 ${reset}"
docker version
4.4nvidia-docker安装
setup_nvidia-docker.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo -e "e[1;32m安装NVIDIA Docker2:e[0m"
curl -s -L //nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add -
curl -s -L //nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/ubuntu18.04/nvidia-docker.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-docker.list
sudo apt-get update
echo -e "e[1;32m安装2.0e[0m"
sudo apt-get install nvidia-docker2
echo -e "e[1;32m重新加载docker守护进程配置e[0m"
sudo pkill -SIGHUP dockerd
echo -e "e[1;32mnvidia-docker versione[0m"
nvidia-docker --version
4.5pypcd安装
setup_pypcd.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
git clone //github.com/dimatura/pypcd
cd pypcd
git fetch origin pull/9/head:python3
git checkout python3
python setup.py install
4.6PCL安装环境安装setup_pcl.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
echo "setup pcl environment of pcl"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git build-essential linux-libc-dev
sudo apt-get install cmake cmake-gui
sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev libusb-dev libudev-dev
sudo apt-get install mpi-default-dev openmpi-bin openmpi-common
sudo apt-get install libflann1.9 libflann-dev
sudo apt-get install libeigen3-dev
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install libvtk7.1p-qt
sudo apt-get install libvtk7.1p
sudo apt-get install libvtk7-qt-dev
sudo apt-get install libqhull* libgtest-dev
sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev pkg-config
sudo apt-get install libxmu-dev libxi-dev
sudo apt-get install mono-complete
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-8-jre
echo "下载pcl代码"
git clone //github.com/PointCloudLibrary/pcl.git
cd pcl
mkdir release
cd release
echo "compile"
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=None -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr -DBUILD_GPU=ON-DBUILD_apps=ON -DBUILD_examples=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr ..
make
sudo make install
4.7Eigen安装
可以直接安装
sudo apt-get install libeigen3-dev
可以通过脚本安装setup_eigen.sh
git clone //github.com/eigenteam/eigen-git-mirror
cd eigen-git-mirror
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr ..
sudo make install
不仅install，还可以查看其他信息：
-- ************************************************************
--
-- Configured Eigen 3.3.90
--
-- Some things you can do now:
-- --------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
-- Command | Description
-- --------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
-- make install | Install Eigen. Headers will be installed to:
-- | /
-- | Using the following values:
-- | CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX: /usr
-- | INCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR: include/eigen3
-- | Change the install location of Eigen headers using:
-- | cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=yourprefix
-- | Or:
-- | cmake . -DINCLUDE_INSTALL_DIR=yourdir
-- make doc | Generate the API documentation, requires Doxygen & LaTeX
-- make check | Build and run the unit-tests. Read this page:
-- | //eigen.tuxfamily.org/index.php?title=Tests
-- make blas | Build BLAS library (not the same thing as Eigen)
-- make uninstall| Removes files installed by make install
-- --------------+--------------------------------------------------------------
注意
当调用eigen库时，会报错：fatalerror:Eigen/Core:Nosuchfileordirectory
这是由于eigen库默认安装在了/usr/include/eigen3/Eigen路径下，需使用下边命令映射到/usr/include路径下
sudo ln -s /usr/include/eigen3/Eigen /usr/include/Eigen
4.8yaml安装
setup_yaml.sh
git clone //github.com/jbeder/yaml-cpp
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
cmake -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON ..
这里的参数on代表创建动态链接库，默认是off，即创建静态链接库
make
make install
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
4.9卸载libreoffice
remove_libreoffice.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
sudo apt remove libreoffice-calc
sudo apt remove libreoffice-draw
sudo apt remove libreoffice-impress
sudo apt remove libreoffice-writer
sudo apt remove libreoffice*
sudo apt purge libreoffice*
4.10安装录屏软件
安装kazam这款软件。
sudo apt-get install kazam
4.11安装tree
sudo apt install tree
4.12安装ROS
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb //packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
sudo apt install curl # if you haven't already installed curl
curl -s //raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/ros.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt update # 更新apt软件源
sudo apt install ros-noetic-desktop-full # 安装ROS
echo "source /opt/ros/noetic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc # 设置环境变量
source ~/.bashrc # 使设置生效
sudo apt install python3-rosdep python3-rosinstall python3-rosinstall-generator python3-wstool build-essential
sudo apt install python3-rosdep
sudo rosdep init
rosdep update
############## 部分操作 ##############
(base) randy@Randy-HP-ZBook-G8:~/Downloads$ sudo apt install python3-rosdep python3-rosinstall python3-rosinstall-generator python3-wstool build-essential
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
python3-rosinstall is already the newest version (0.7.8-4).
python3-wstool is already the newest version (0.1.18-2).
build-essential is already the newest version (12.8ubuntu1.1).
The following NEW packages will be installed:
python3-rosdep
The following packages will be upgraded:
python3-rosinstall-generator
1 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 22 not upgraded.
Need to get 15.3 kB of archives.
After this operation, 22.5 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 //packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu focal/main amd64 python3-rosdep all 0.22.2-1 [3,532 B]
Get:2 //packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu focal/main amd64 python3-rosinstall-generator all 0.1.23-1 [11.8 kB]
Fetched 15.3 kB in 1s (14.1 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package python3-rosdep.
(Reading database ... 307887 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python3-rosdep_0.22.2-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-rosdep (0.22.2-1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../python3-rosinstall-generator_0.1.23-1_all.deb ...
Unpacking python3-rosinstall-generator (0.1.23-1) over (0.1.18-1) ...
Setting up python3-rosinstall-generator (0.1.23-1) ...
Setting up python3-rosdep (0.22.2-1) ...
(base) randy@Randy-HP-ZBook-G8:~/Downloads$ sudo rosdep init
Wrote /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d/20-default.list
Recommended: please run
rosdep update
(base) randy@Randy-HP-ZBook-G8:~/Downloads$ rosdep update
reading in sources list data from /etc/ros/rosdep/sources.list.d
Hit //raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/osx-homebrew.yaml
Hit //raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/base.yaml
Hit //raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/python.yaml
Hit //raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/rosdep/ruby.yaml
Hit //raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/releases/fuerte.yaml
Query rosdistro index //raw.githubusercontent.com/ros/rosdistro/master/index-v4.yaml
Skip end-of-life distro "ardent"
Skip end-of-life distro "bouncy"
Skip end-of-life distro "crystal"
Skip end-of-life distro "dashing"
Skip end-of-life distro "eloquent"
Skip end-of-life distro "foxy"
Skip end-of-life distro "galactic"
Skip end-of-life distro "groovy"
Add distro "humble"
Skip end-of-life distro "hydro"
Skip end-of-life distro "indigo"
Add distro "iron"
Skip end-of-life distro "jade"
Skip end-of-life distro "kinetic"
Skip end-of-life distro "lunar"
Skip end-of-life distro "melodic"
Add distro "noetic"
Add distro "rolling"
updated cache in /home/randy/.ros/rosdep/sources.cache
在ROS中有许多功能包，可以用以下命令安装指的功能包：
sudo apt install ros-noetic-PACKAGE
# 例如
sudo apt install ros-noetic-slam-gmapping
查看可以安装的功能包：
apt search ros-noetic
上述安装过程倘若遇见E:Unmetdependencies.错误
(base) randy@Randy-HP-ZBook-G8:~/Downloads$ sudo apt install ros-noetic-desktop-full
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
ros-noetic-desktop-full is already the newest version (1.5.0-1focal.20240125.205120).
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
python3-rosdep-modules : Depends: python3-rospkg-modules (>= 1.4.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python3-catkin-pkg-modules (>= 0.4.0) but it is not going to be installed
Depends: python3-rosdistro-modules (>= 0.7.5) but it is not going to be installed
ros-noetic-rospack : Depends: python3-catkin-pkg-modules but it is not going to be installed
ros-noetic-rqt-gui : Depends: python3-rospkg-modules but it is not going to be installed
ros-noetic-rqt-robot-monitor : Depends: python3-rospkg-modules but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
解决办法：
现将info文件夹改名
sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info /var/lib/dpkg/info.bk
新建一个新的info文件夹
sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info
安装修补
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f
在info文件夹下生成一些文件，现将这种文件全部移到info.bk文件夹下
sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info.bk
删掉自己新建的info文件夹
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info
恢复原有info文件夹
sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info.bk /var/lib/dpkg/info
Reference参考资料
[1]
有时侯安装的时侯会报错，非常注意/boot文件:
[2]
【Ubuntu20.04安装CUDA、cuDNN】:
[3]
安装GooglePinyin:
[4]
Ubuntu20.04深度学习开发环境安装教程完全版[CUDA/TensorRT/Docker/OpenCV...]:
[5]
E:Sub-process/usr/bin/dpkgreturnedanerrorcode(1)解决办法:
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