硬碟分区的界定标准：主分区、扩展分区和逻辑分区名称概念最大数目最小数目
主分区
主要是拿来启动操作的，它主要放的是操作系统的启动或引导程序MBR分区中，最多有4个主分区
逻辑分区
逻辑分区必须构建在扩充分区之上linux 硬盘分区工具linux 硬盘分区工具，而不是构建在主分区上，可构建多个
扩充分区
不能使用，它只是做为逻辑分区的容器存在的；我们真正储存数据的是主分区和逻辑分区linux伊甸园论坛，大量数据都置于逻辑分区中
fdisk：降低一个分区fdisk-l查看系统上的分区信息
[root@fei ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes //总计21.5G
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders // 255个磁面，63个扇区，2610个磁柱
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes //每个磁柱容量
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
fdisk/dev/sda：对/dev/sda/进行分区
c盘分区表示：
hda1hda2hdb1hdb2……
sda1sda2sdb1sdb2……
hd大多为IDE硬碟，sd大多为SCSI或联通储存
[root@fei ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help):
注释 ：//Command (m for help):
查看帮助信息：输入m，看到如下信息
Command action # 输出帮助信息
a toggle a bootable flag #设置启动信息
b edit bsd disklabel # 编 辑分区标签
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition # 这是删除一个分区的动作
l list known partition types # l是列出分区类型，以供我们设置相应分区的类型
m print this menu # m 是列出帮助信息；
n add a new partition # 添加一个分区；
o create a new empty DOS partition table # 创建一个新的DOS分区表
p print the partition table # p列出分区表；
q quit without saving changes #不保存退出；
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id #t 改变分区类型 id
u change display/entry units 改变现实单位
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit # 把分区表写入硬盘并退出
x extra functionality (experts only) #扩展应用，专家功能
- 选择n 来添加一个分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended #e,扩展分区
p primary partition (1-4) #p，主分区1-4
p
Selected partition 4 #因为sda1-3已分，所有默认sda4
First cylinder (1593-2610, default 1593): #磁柱开始位置，采用默认，直接回车
Using default value 1593 #磁柱开始位置
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1593-2610, default 2610): +100M #磁柱解释位置，设置磁盘分区大小
Command (m for help): p #查看一下当前磁盘信息
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4 1593 1606 111459 83 Linux //添加成功，sda4
Command (m for help): wq //保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
partprobe或则partx-a/dev/sda分区以后，让内核更新分区信息，否则系统须要restart后，内核能够辨识新的分区mkfs.ext4/dev/sda4创建ext4文件系统中标linux，低格.
[root@fei ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=
操作系统:Linux
块大小=1024 (log=0)
分块大小=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
3776 inodes, 15068 blocks
753 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=15466496
2 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1888 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (1024 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
将/dev/sda4挂载
[root@fei ~]# mount /dev/sda4 /mnt
[root@fei ~]# df-h
-bash: df-h: command not found
[root@fei ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.8G 1.4G 8.0G 15% /
tmpfs 931M 0 931M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 35M 145M 20% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.7G 3.7G 0 100% /media
/dev/sda4 14M 130K 13M 2% /mnt //已将/dev/sda4挂载
删掉一个分区
[root@fei ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): d //删除一个分区
Partition number (1-4): 4 //选择删除一个分区，如果删除了扩展分区，扩展分区之下的逻辑分区都会删除
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0005936c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 26 1332 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1332 1593 2097152 82 Linux swap / Solaris
//sda4已经被删除
Command (m for help): wq //若之前有错误操作，只有不输入w只输入q退出即可
借助fdisk管理c盘学习到这儿。
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