tinker有个非常大的亮点就是自研发了一套dex diff、patch相关算法。本篇文章主要目的就是分析该算法。当然值得注意的是,分析的前提就是需要对dex文件的格式要有一定的认识,否则的话可能会一脸懵逼态。
所以,本文会先对dex文件格式做一个简单的分析,也会做一些简单的实验,最后进入到dex diff,patch算法部分。
首先简单了解下Dex文件,大家在反编译的时候,都清楚apk中会包含一个或者多个*.dex文件,该文件中存储了我们编写的代码,一般情况下我们还会通过工具转化为jar,然后通过一些工具反编译查看。
jar文件大家应该都清楚,类似于class文件的压缩包,一般情况下,我们直接解压就可以看到一个个class文件。而dex文件我们无法通过解压获取内部的一个个class文件,说明dex文件拥有自己特定的格式:
dex对Java类文件重新排列,将所有JAVA类文件中的常量池分解,消除其中的冗余信息,重新组合形成一个常量池,所有的类文件共享同一个常量池,使得相同的字符串、常量在DEX文件中只出现一次,从而减小了文件的体积。
接下来我们看看dex文件的内部结构到底是什么样子。
分析一个文件的组成,最好自己编写一个最简单的dex文件来分析。
首先我们编写一个类Hello.java:
public class Hello{ public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("hello dex!"); } }
然后进行编译:
javac -source 1.7 -target 1.7 Hello.java
最后通过dx工作将其转化为dex文件:
dx --dex --output=Hello.dex Hello.class
dx路径在Android-sdk/build-tools/版本号/dx下,如果无法识别dx,记得将该路径放到path下,或者使用绝对路径。
这样我们就得到了一个非常简单的dex文件。
首先展示一张dex文件的大致的内部结构图:
当然,单纯从一张图来说明肯定是远远不够的,因为我们后续要研究diff,patch算法,理论上我们应该要知道更多的细节,甚至要细致到:一个dex文件的每个字节表示的是什么内容。
对于一个类似于二进制的文件,最好的办法肯定不是靠记忆,好在有这么一个软件可以帮助我们的分析:
- 软件名称:010 Editor
下载完成安装后,打开我们的dex文件,会引导你安装dex文件的解析模板。
最终打开效果图如下:
上面部分代表了dex文件的内容(16进制的方式展示),下面部分展示了dex文件的各个区域,你可以通过点击下面部分,来查看其对应的内容区域以及内容。
当然这里也非常建议,阅读一些专门的文章来加深对dex文件的理解:
- DEX文件格式分析
- Android逆向之旅—解析编译之后的Dex文件格式
本文也仅会对dex文件做简单的格式分析。
dex_header
首先我们队dex_header做一个大致的分析,header中包含如下字段:
首先我们猜测下header的作用,可以看到起包含了一些校验相关的字段,和整个dex文件大致区块的分布(off都为偏移量)。
这样的好处就是,当虚拟机读取dex文件时,只需要读取出header部分,就可以知道dex文件的大致区块分布了;并且可以检验出该文件格式是否正确、文件是否被篡改等。
- 能够证明该文件是dex文件
- checksum和signature主要用于校验文件的完整性
- file_size为dex文件的大小
- head_size为头文件的大小
- endian_tag预设值为12345678,标识默认采用Little-Endian(自行搜索)。
剩下的几乎都是成对出现的size和off,大多代表各区块的包含的特定数据结构的数量和偏移量。例如:string_ids_off为112,指的是偏移量112开始为string_ids区域;string_ids_size为14,代表string_id_item的数量为14个。剩下的都类似就不介绍了。
结合010Editor可以看到各个区域包含的数据结构,以及对应的值,慢慢看就好了。
除了header还有个比较重要的部分是dex_map_list,首先看个图:
首先是map_item_list数量,接下来是每个map_item_list的描述。
map_item_list有什么用呢?
可以看到每个map_list_item包含一个枚举类型,一个2字节暂未使用的成员、一个size表明当前类型的个数,offset表明当前类型偏移量。
拿本例来说:
- 首先是TYPE_HEADER_ITEM类型,包含1个header(size=1),且偏移量为0。
- 接下来是TYPE_STRING_ID_ITEM,包含14个string_id_item(size=14),且偏移量为112(如果有印象,header的长度为112,紧跟着header)。
剩下的依次类推~~
这样的话,可以看出通过map_list,可以将一个完整的dex文件划分成固定的区域(本例为13),且知道每个区域的开始,以及该区域对应的数据格式的个数。
通过map_list找到各个区域的开始,每个区域都会对应特定的数据结构,通过010 Editor看就好了。
现在我们了解了dex的基本格式,接下来我们考虑下如何做dex diff 和 patch。
先要考虑的是我们有什么:
- old dex
- new dex
我们想要生成一个patch文件,该文件和old dex 通过patch算法还能生成new dex。
- 那么我们该如何做呢?
根据上文的分析,我们知道dex文件大致有3个部分(这里3个部分主要用于分析,勿较真):
- header
- 各个区域
- map list
header实际上是可以根据后面的数据确定其内容的,并且是定长112的;各个区域后面说;map list实际上可以做到定位到各个区域开始位置;
我们最终patch + old dex -> new dex;针对上述的3个部分,
- header我们可以不做处理,因为可以根据其他数据生成;
- map list这个东西,其实我们主要要的是各个区域的开始(offset)
- 知道了各个区域的offset后,在我们生成new dex的时候,我们就可以定位各个区域的开始和结束位置,那么只需要往各个区域写数据即可。
那么我们看看针对一个区域的diff,假设有个string区域,主要用于存储字符串:
old dex该区域的字符串有: Hello、World、zhy
new dex该区域的字符串有: Android、World、zhy
可以看出,针对该区域,我们删除了Hello,增加了Android。
那么patch中针对该区域可以如下记录:
“del Hello , add Android”(实际情况需要转化为二进制)。
想想应用中可以直接读取出old dex,即知道:
- 原来该区域包含:Hello、World、zhy
- patch中该区域包含:”del Hello , add Android”
那么,可以非常容易的计算出new dex中包含:
Android、World、zhy。
这样我们就完成了一个区域大致的diff和patch算法,其他各个区域的diff和patch和上述类似。
这样来看,是不是觉得这个diff和patch算法也没有那么的复杂,实际上tinker的做法与上述类似,实际情况可能要比上述描述要复杂一些,但是大体上是差不多的。
有了一个大致的算法概念之后,我们就可以去看源码了。
这里看代码实际上也是有技巧的,tinker的代码实际上蛮多的,往往你可以会陷在一堆的代码中。我们可以这么考虑,比如diff算法,输入参数为old dex 、new dex,输出为patch file。
那么肯定存在某个类,或者某个方法接受和输出上述参数。实际上该类为DexPatchGenerator:
diff的API使用代码为:
@Test public void testDiff() throws IOException { File oldFile = new File("Hello.dex"); File newFile = new File("Hello-World.dex"); File patchFile = new File("patch.dex"); DexPatchGenerator dexPatchGenerator = new DexPatchGenerator(oldFile, newFile); dexPatchGenerator.executeAndSaveTo(patchFile); }
代码在tinker-build的tinker-patch-lib下。
写一个单元测试或者main方法,上述几行代码就是diff算法。
所以查看代码时要有针对性,比如看diff算法,就找到diff算法的入口,不要在gradle plugin中去纠结。
public DexPatchGenerator(File oldDexFile, File newDexFile) throws IOException { this(new Dex(oldDexFile), new Dex(newDexFile)); }
将我们传入的dex文件转化为了Dex对象。
public Dex(File file) throws IOException { // 删除了一堆代码 InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)); loadFrom(in, (int) file.length()); } private void loadFrom(InputStream in, int initSize) throws IOException { byte[] rawData = FileUtils.readStream(in, initSize); this.data = ByteBuffer.wrap(rawData); this.data.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN); this.tableOfContents.readFrom(this); }
首先将我们的文件读取为byte[]数组(这里还是蛮耗费内存的),然后由ByteBuffer进行包装,并设置字节顺序为小端(这里说明ByteBuffer还是蛮方便的。然后通过readFrom方法为Dex对象的tableOfContents赋值。
#TableOfContents public void readFrom(Dex dex) throws IOException { readHeader(dex.openSection(header)); // special case, since mapList.byteCount is available only after // computeSizesFromOffsets() was invoked, so here we can't use // dex.openSection(mapList) to get dex section. Or // an {@code java.nio.BufferUnderflowException} will be thrown. readMap(dex.openSection(mapList.off)); computeSizesFromOffsets(); }
在其内部执行了readHeader和readMap,上文我们大致分析了header和map list相关,实际上就是将这两个区域转化为一定的数据结构,读取然后存储到内存中。
首先看readHeader:
private void readHeader(Dex.Section headerIn) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { byte[] magic = headerIn.readByteArray(8); int apiTarget = DexFormat.magicToApi(magic); if (apiTarget != DexFormat.API_NO_EXTENDED_OPCODES) { throw new DexException("Unexpected magic: " + Arrays.toString(magic)); } checksum = headerIn.readInt(); signature = headerIn.readByteArray(20); fileSize = headerIn.readInt(); int headerSize = headerIn.readInt(); if (headerSize != SizeOf.HEADER_ITEM) { throw new DexException("Unexpected header: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(headerSize)); } int endianTag = headerIn.readInt(); if (endianTag != DexFormat.ENDIAN_TAG) { throw new DexException("Unexpected endian tag: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(endianTag)); } linkSize = headerIn.readInt(); linkOff = headerIn.readInt(); mapList.off = headerIn.readInt(); if (mapList.off == 0) { throw new DexException("Cannot merge dex files that do not contain a map"); } stringIds.size = headerIn.readInt(); stringIds.off = headerIn.readInt(); typeIds.size = headerIn.readInt(); typeIds.off = headerIn.readInt(); protoIds.size = headerIn.readInt(); protoIds.off = headerIn.readInt(); fieldIds.size = headerIn.readInt(); fieldIds.off = headerIn.readInt(); methodIds.size = headerIn.readInt(); methodIds.off = headerIn.readInt(); classDefs.size = headerIn.readInt(); classDefs.off = headerIn.readInt(); dataSize = headerIn.readInt(); dataOff = headerIn.readInt(); }
如果你现在打开着010 Editor,或者看一眼最前面的图,实际上就是将header中所有的字段定义出来,读取响应的字节并赋值。
接下来看readMap:
private void readMap(Dex.Section in) throws IOException { int mapSize = in.readInt(); Section previous = null; for (int i = 0; i < mapSize; i++) { short type = in.readShort(); in.readShort(); // unused Section section = getSection(type); int size = in.readInt(); int offset = in.readInt(); section.size = size; section.off = offset; previous = section; } header.off = 0; Arrays.sort(sections); // Skip header section, since its offset must be zero. for (int i = 1; i < sections.length; ++i) { if (sections[i].off == Section.UNDEF_OFFSET) { sections[i].off = sections[i - 1].off; } } }
这里注意,在读取header的时候,实际上已经读取除了map list区域的offset,并存储在mapList.off中。所以map list中实际上是从这个位置开始的。首先读取的就是map_list_item的个数,接下来读取的就是每个map_list_item对应的实际数据。
可以看到依次读取:type,unused,size,offset,如果你还有印象前面我们描述了map_list_item是与此对应的,对应的数据结构为TableContents.Section对象。
computeSizesFromOffsets()主要为section的byteCount(占据了多个字节)参数赋值。
到这里就完成了dex file 到 Dex对象的初始化。
有了两个Dex对象之后,就需要去做diff操作了。
继续回到源码:
public DexPatchGenerator(File oldDexFile, InputStream newDexStream) throws IOException { this(new Dex(oldDexFile), new Dex(newDexStream)); }
直接到两个Dex对象的构造函数:
public DexPatchGenerator(Dex oldDex, Dex newDex) { this.oldDex = oldDex; this.newDex = newDex; SparseIndexMap oldToNewIndexMap = new SparseIndexMap(); SparseIndexMap oldToPatchedIndexMap = new SparseIndexMap(); SparseIndexMap newToPatchedIndexMap = new SparseIndexMap(); SparseIndexMap selfIndexMapForSkip = new SparseIndexMap(); additionalRemovingClassPatternSet = new HashSet<>(); this.stringDataSectionDiffAlg = new StringDataSectionDiffAlgorithm( oldDex, newDex, oldToNewIndexMap, oldToPatchedIndexMap, newToPatchedIndexMap, selfIndexMapForSkip ); this.typeIdSectionDiffAlg = ... this.protoIdSectionDiffAlg = ... this.fieldIdSectionDiffAlg = ... this.methodIdSectionDiffAlg = ... this.classDefSectionDiffAlg = ... this.typeListSectionDiffAlg = ... this.annotationSetRefListSectionDiffAlg = ... this.annotationSetSectionDiffAlg = ... this.classDataSectionDiffAlg = ... this.codeSectionDiffAlg = ... this.debugInfoSectionDiffAlg = ... this.annotationSectionDiffAlg = ... this.encodedArraySectionDiffAlg = ... this.annotationsDirectorySectionDiffAlg = ... }
看到其首先为oldDex,newDex赋值,然后依次初始化了15个算法,每个算法代表每个区域,算法的目的就像我们之前描述的那样,要知道“删除了哪些,新增了哪些”;
我们继续看代码:
dexPatchGenerator.executeAndSaveTo(patchFile);
有了dexPatchGenerator对象后,直接指向了executeAndSaveTo方法。
public void executeAndSaveTo(File file) throws IOException { OutputStream os = null; try { os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file)); executeAndSaveTo(os); } finally { if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (Exception e) { // ignored. } } } }
到executeAndSaveTo方法:
public void executeAndSaveTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException { int patchedheaderSize = SizeOf.HEADER_ITEM; int patchedStringIdsSize = newDex.getTableOfContents().stringIds.size * SizeOf.STRING_ID_ITEM; int patchedTypeIdsSize = newDex.getTableOfContents().typeIds.size * SizeOf.TYPE_ID_ITEM; int patchedProtoIdsSize = newDex.getTableOfContents().protoIds.size * SizeOf.PROTO_ID_ITEM; int patchedFieldIdsSize = newDex.getTableOfContents().fieldIds.size * SizeOf.MEMBER_ID_ITEM; int patchedMethodIdsSize = newDex.getTableOfContents().methodIds.size * SizeOf.MEMBER_ID_ITEM; int patchedClassDefsSize = newDex.getTableOfContents().classDefs.size * SizeOf.CLASS_DEF_ITEM; int patchedIdSectionSize = patchedStringIdsSize + patchedTypeIdsSize + patchedProtoIdsSize + patchedFieldIdsSize + patchedMethodIdsSize + patchedClassDefsSize; this.patchedHeaderOffset = 0; this.patchedStringIdsOffset = patchedHeaderOffset + patchedheaderSize; this.stringDataSectionDiffAlg.execute(); this.patchedStringDataItemsOffset = patchedheaderSize + patchedIdSectionSize; this.stringDataSectionDiffAlg.simulatePatchOperation(this.patchedStringDataItemsOffset); // 省略了其余14个算法的一堆代码 this.patchedDexSize = this.patchedMapListOffset + patchedMapListSize; writeResultToStream(out); }
因为涉及到15个算法,所以这里的代码非常长,我们这里只拿其中一个算法来说明。
每个算法都会执行execute和simulatePatchOperation方法:
首先看execute:
public void execute() { this.patchOperationList.clear(); // 1. 拿到oldDex和newDex的itemList this.adjustedOldIndexedItemsWithOrigOrder = collectSectionItems(this.oldDex, true); this.oldItemCount = this.adjustedOldIndexedItemsWithOrigOrder.length; AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, T>[] adjustedOldIndexedItems = new AbstractMap.SimpleEntry[this.oldItemCount]; System.arraycopy(this.adjustedOldIndexedItemsWithOrigOrder, 0, adjustedOldIndexedItems, 0, this.oldItemCount); Arrays.sort(adjustedOldIndexedItems, this.comparatorForItemDiff); AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, T>[] adjustedNewIndexedItems = collectSectionItems(this.newDex, false); this.newItemCount = adjustedNewIndexedItems.length; Arrays.sort(adjustedNewIndexedItems, this.comparatorForItemDiff); int oldCursor = 0; int newCursor = 0; // 2.遍历,对比,收集patch操作 while (oldCursor < this.oldItemCount || newCursor < this.newItemCount) { if (oldCursor >= this.oldItemCount) { // rest item are all newItem. while (newCursor < this.newItemCount) { // 对剩下的newItem做ADD操作 } } else if (newCursor >= newItemCount) { // rest item are all oldItem. while (oldCursor < oldItemCount) { // 对剩下的oldItem做DEL操作 } } else { AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, T> oldIndexedItem = adjustedOldIndexedItems[oldCursor]; AbstractMap.SimpleEntry<Integer, T> newIndexedItem = adjustedNewIndexedItems[newCursor]; int cmpRes = oldIndexedItem.getValue().compareTo(newIndexedItem.getValue()); if (cmpRes < 0) { int deletedIndex = oldIndexedItem.getKey(); int deletedOffset = getItemOffsetOrIndex(deletedIndex, oldIndexedItem.getValue()); this.patchOperationList.add(new PatchOperation<T>(PatchOperation.OP_DEL, deletedIndex)); markDeletedIndexOrOffset(this.oldToPatchedIndexMap, deletedIndex, deletedOffset); ++oldCursor; } else if (cmpRes > 0) { this.patchOperationList.add(new PatchOperation<>(PatchOperation.OP_ADD, newIndexedItem.getKey(), newIndexedItem.getValue())); ++newCursor; } else { int oldIndex = oldIndexedItem.getKey(); int newIndex = newIndexedItem.getKey(); int oldOffset = getItemOffsetOrIndex(oldIndexedItem.getKey(), oldIndexedItem.getValue()); int newOffset = getItemOffsetOrIndex(newIndexedItem.getKey(), newIndexedItem.getValue()); if (oldIndex != newIndex) { this.oldIndexToNewIndexMap.put(oldIndex, newIndex); } if (oldOffset != newOffset) { this.oldOffsetToNewOffsetMap.put(oldOffset, newOffset); } ++oldCursor; ++newCursor; } } } // 未完 }
可以看到首先读取oldDex和newDex对应区域的数据并排序,分别adjustedOldIndexedItems和adjustedNewIndexedItems。
接下来就开始遍历了,直接看else部分:
分别根据当前的cursor,获取oldItem和newItem,对其value对对比:
- 如果<0 ,则认为该old Item被删除了,记录为PatchOperation.OP_DEL,并记录该oldItem index到PatchOperation对象,加入到patchOperationList中。
- 如果>0,则认为该newItem是新增的,记录为PatchOperation.OP_ADD,并记录该newItem index和value到PatchOperation对象,加入到patchOperationList中。
- 如果=0,不会生成PatchOperation。
经过上述,我们得到了一个patchOperationList对象。
继续下半部分代码:
public void execute() { // 接上... // 根据index排序,如果index一样,则先DEL后ADD Collections.sort(this.patchOperationList, comparatorForPatchOperationOpt); Iterator<PatchOperation<T>> patchOperationIt = this.patchOperationList.iterator(); PatchOperation<T> prevPatchOperation = null; while (patchOperationIt.hasNext()) { PatchOperation<T> patchOperation = patchOperationIt.next(); if (prevPatchOperation != null && prevPatchOperation.op == PatchOperation.OP_DEL && patchOperation.op == PatchOperation.OP_ADD ) { if (prevPatchOperation.index == patchOperation.index) { prevPatchOperation.op = PatchOperation.OP_REPLACE; prevPatchOperation.newItem = patchOperation.newItem; patchOperationIt.remove(); prevPatchOperation = null; } else { prevPatchOperation = patchOperation; } } else { prevPatchOperation = patchOperation; } } // Finally we record some information for the final calculations. patchOperationIt = this.patchOperationList.iterator(); while (patchOperationIt.hasNext()) { PatchOperation<T> patchOperation = patchOperationIt.next(); switch (patchOperation.op) { case PatchOperation.OP_DEL: { indexToDelOperationMap.put(patchOperation.index, patchOperation); break; } case PatchOperation.OP_ADD: { indexToAddOperationMap.put(patchOperation.index, patchOperation); break; } case PatchOperation.OP_REPLACE: { indexToReplaceOperationMap.put(patchOperation.index, patchOperation); break; } } } }
- 首先对patchOperationList按照index排序,如果index一致则先DEL、后ADD。
- 接下来一个对所有的operation的迭代,主要将index一致的,且连续的DEL、ADD转化为REPLACE操作。
- 最后将patchOperationList转化为3个Map,分别为:indexToDelOperationMap,indexToAddOperationMap,indexToReplaceOperationMap。
ok,经历完成execute之后,我们主要的产物就是3个Map,分别记录了:oldDex中哪些index需要删除;newDex中新增了哪些item;哪些item需要替换为新item。
刚才说了每个算法除了execute()还有个simulatePatchOperation()
this.stringDataSectionDiffAlg .simulatePatchOperation(this.patchedStringDataItemsOffset);
传入的偏移量为data区域的偏移量。
public void simulatePatchOperation(int baseOffset) { int oldIndex = 0; int patchedIndex = 0; int patchedOffset = baseOffset; while (oldIndex < this.oldItemCount || patchedIndex < this.newItemCount) { if (this.indexToAddOperationMap.containsKey(patchedIndex)) { //省略了一些代码 T newItem = patchOperation.newItem; int itemSize = getItemSize(newItem); ++patchedIndex; patchedOffset += itemSize; } else if (this.indexToReplaceOperationMap.containsKey(patchedIndex)) { //省略了一些代码 T newItem = patchOperation.newItem; int itemSize = getItemSize(newItem); ++patchedIndex; patchedOffset += itemSize; } else if (this.indexToDelOperationMap.containsKey(oldIndex)) { ++oldIndex; } else if (this.indexToReplaceOperationMap.containsKey(oldIndex)) { ++oldIndex; } else if (oldIndex < this.oldItemCount) { ++oldIndex; ++patchedIndex; patchedOffset += itemSize; } } this.patchedSectionSize = SizeOf.roundToTimesOfFour(patchedOffset - baseOffset); }
遍历oldIndex与newIndex,分别在indexToAddOperationMap,indexToReplaceOperationMap,indexToDelOperationMap中查找。
这里关注一点最终的一个产物是this.patchedSectionSize,由patchedOffset-baseOffset所得。
这里有几种情况会造成patchedOffset+=itemSize:
- indexToAddOperationMap中包含patchIndex
- indexToReplaceOperationMap包含patchIndex
- 不在indexToDelOperationMap与indexToReplaceOperationMap中的oldDex.
其实很好理解,这个patchedSectionSize其实对应newDex的这个区域的size。所以,包含需要ADD的Item,会被替代的Item,以及OLD ITEMS中没有被删除和替代的Item。这三者相加即为newDex的itemList。
到这里,一个算法就执行完毕了。
经过这样的一个算法,我们得到了PatchOperationList和对应区域sectionSize。那么执行完成所有的算法,应该会得到针对每个算法的PatchOperationList,和每个区域的sectionSize;每个区域的sectionSize实际上换算得到每个区域的offset。
每个区域的算法,execute和simulatePatchOperation代码都是复用的,所以其他的都只有细微的变化,可以自己看了。
接下来看执行完成所有的算法后的writeResultToStream方法。
private void writeResultToStream(OutputStream os) throws IOException { DexDataBuffer buffer = new DexDataBuffer(); buffer.write(DexPatchFile.MAGIC); // DEXDIFF buffer.writeShort(DexPatchFile.CURRENT_VERSION); /0x0002 buffer.writeInt(this.patchedDexSize); // we will return here to write firstChunkOffset later. int posOfFirstChunkOffsetField = buffer.position(); buffer.writeInt(0); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedStringIdsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedTypeIdsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedProtoIdsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedFieldIdsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedMethodIdsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedClassDefsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedMapListOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedTypeListsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedAnnotationSetRefListItemsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedAnnotationSetItemsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedClassDataItemsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedCodeItemsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedStringDataItemsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedDebugInfoItemsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedAnnotationItemsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedEncodedArrayItemsOffset); buffer.writeInt(this.patchedAnnotationsDirectoryItemsOffset); buffer.write(this.oldDex.computeSignature(false)); int firstChunkOffset = buffer.position(); buffer.position(posOfFirstChunkOffsetField); buffer.writeInt(firstChunkOffset); buffer.position(firstChunkOffset); writePatchOperations(buffer, this.stringDataSectionDiffAlg.getPatchOperationList()); // 省略其他14个writePatch... byte[] bufferData = buffer.array(); os.write(bufferData); os.flush(); }
- 首先写了MAGIC,CURRENT_VERSION主要用于检查该文件为合法的tinker patch 文件。
- 然后写入patchedDexSize
- 第四位写入的是数据区的offset,可以看到先使用0站位,等所有的map list相关的offset书写结束,写入当前的位置。
- 接下来写入所有的跟maplist各个区域相关的offset(这里各个区域的排序不重要,读写一致即可)
- 然后执行每个算法写入对应区域的信息
- 最后生成patch文件
我们依旧只看stringDataSectionDiffAlg这个算法。
private <T extends Comparable<T>> void writePatchOperations( DexDataBuffer buffer, List<PatchOperation<T>> patchOperationList ) { List<Integer> delOpIndexList = new ArrayList<>(patchOperationList.size()); List<Integer> addOpIndexList = new ArrayList<>(patchOperationList.size()); List<Integer> replaceOpIndexList = new ArrayList<>(patchOperationList.size()); List<T> newItemList = new ArrayList<>(patchOperationList.size()); for (PatchOperation<T> patchOperation : patchOperationList) { switch (patchOperation.op) { case PatchOperation.OP_DEL: { delOpIndexList.add(patchOperation.index); break; } case PatchOperation.OP_ADD: { addOpIndexList.add(patchOperation.index); newItemList.add(patchOperation.newItem); break; } case PatchOperation.OP_REPLACE: { replaceOpIndexList.add(patchOperation.index); newItemList.add(patchOperation.newItem); break; } } } buffer.writeUleb128(delOpIndexList.size()); int lastIndex = 0; for (Integer index : delOpIndexList) { buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex); lastIndex = index; } buffer.writeUleb128(addOpIndexList.size()); lastIndex = 0; for (Integer index : addOpIndexList) { buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex); lastIndex = index; } buffer.writeUleb128(replaceOpIndexList.size()); lastIndex = 0; for (Integer index : replaceOpIndexList) { buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex); lastIndex = index; } for (T newItem : newItemList) { if (newItem instanceof StringData) { buffer.writeStringData((StringData) newItem); } // else 其他类型,write其他类型Data } }
首先将我们的patchOperationList转化为3个OpIndexList,分别对应DEL,ADD,REPLACE,以及将所有的item存入newItemList。
然后依次写入:
- del操作的个数,每个del的index
- add操作的个数,每个add的index
- replace操作的个数,每个需要replace的index
- 最后依次写入newItemList.
这里index都做了(这里做了个index – lastIndex操作)
其他的算法也是执行了类似的操作。
最好来看看我们生成的patch是什么样子的:
- 首先包含几个字段,证明自己是tinker patch
- 包含生成newDex各个区域的offset,即可以将newDex划分了多个区域,定位到起点
- 包含newDex各个区域的Item的删除的索引(oldDex),新增的索引和值,替换的索引和值
那么这么看,我们猜测Patch的逻辑时这样的:
- 首先根据各个区域的offset,确定各个区域的起点
- 读取oldDex各个区域的items,然后根据patch中去除掉oldDex中需要删除的和需要替换的item,再加上新增的item和替换的item即可组成newOld该区域的items。
即,newDex的某个区域的包含:
oldItems - del - replace + addItems + replaceItems
这么看挺清晰的,下面看代码咯~
与diff一样,肯定有那么一个类或者方法,接受old dex File 和 patch File,最后生成new Dex。不要陷在一堆安全校验,apk解压的代码中。
这个类叫做DexPatchApplier,在tinker-commons中。
patch的相关代码如下:
@Test public void testPatch() throws IOException { File oldFile = new File("Hello.dex"); File patchFile = new File("patch.dex"); File newFile = new File("new.dex"); DexPatchApplier dexPatchGenerator = new DexPatchApplier(oldFile, patchFile); dexPatchGenerator.executeAndSaveTo(newFile); }
可以看到和diff代码类似,下面看代码去。
public DexPatchApplier(File oldDexIn, File patchFileIn) throws IOException { this(new Dex(oldDexIn), new DexPatchFile(patchFileIn)); }
oldDex会转化为Dex对象,这个上面分析过,主要就是readHeader和readMap.注意我们的patchFile是转为一个DexPatchFile对象。
public DexPatchFile(File file) throws IOException { this.buffer = new DexDataBuffer(ByteBuffer.wrap(FileUtils.readFile(file))); init(); }
首先将patch file读取为byte[],然后调用init
private void init() { byte[] magic = this.buffer.readByteArray(MAGIC.length); if (CompareUtils.uArrCompare(magic, MAGIC) != 0) { throw new IllegalStateException("bad dex patch file magic: " + Arrays.toString(magic)); } this.version = this.buffer.readShort(); if (CompareUtils.uCompare(this.version, CURRENT_VERSION) != 0) { throw new IllegalStateException("bad dex patch file version: " + this.version + ", expected: " + CURRENT_VERSION); } this.patchedDexSize = this.buffer.readInt(); this.firstChunkOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedStringIdSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedTypeIdSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedProtoIdSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedFieldIdSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedMethodIdSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedClassDefSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedMapListSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedTypeListSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedAnnotationSetRefListSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedAnnotationSetSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedClassDataSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedCodeSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedStringDataSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedDebugInfoSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedAnnotationSectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedEncodedArraySectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.patchedAnnotationsDirectorySectionOffset = this.buffer.readInt(); this.oldDexSignature = this.buffer.readByteArray(SizeOf.SIGNATURE); this.buffer.position(firstChunkOffset); }
还记得我们写patch的操作么,先写了MAGIC和Version用于校验该文件是一个patch file;接下来为patchedDexSize和各种offset进行赋值;最后定位到数据区(firstChunkOffset),还记得写的时候,该字段在第四个位置。
定位到该位置后,后面读取的就是数据了,数据存的时候按照如下格式存储的:
- del操作的个数,每个del的index
- add操作的个数,每个add的index
- replace操作的个数,每个需要replace的index
- 最后依次写入newItemList.
简单回忆下,我们继续源码分析。
public DexPatchApplier(File oldDexIn, File patchFileIn) throws IOException { this(new Dex(oldDexIn), new DexPatchFile(patchFileIn)); } public DexPatchApplier( Dex oldDexIn, DexPatchFile patchFileIn) { this.oldDex = oldDexIn; this.patchFile = patchFileIn; this.patchedDex = new Dex(patchFileIn.getPatchedDexSize()); this.oldToPatchedIndexMap = new SparseIndexMap(); }
除了oldDex,patchFile,还初始化了一个patchedDex作为我们最终输出Dex对象。
构造完成后,直接执行了executeAndSaveTo方法。
public void executeAndSaveTo(File file) throws IOException { OutputStream os = null; try { os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file)); executeAndSaveTo(os); } finally { if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (Exception e) { // ignored. } } } }
直接到executeAndSaveTo(os),该方法代码比较长,我们分3段讲解:
public void executeAndSaveTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException { TableOfContents patchedToc = this.patchedDex.getTableOfContents(); patchedToc.header.off = 0; patchedToc.header.size = 1; patchedToc.mapList.size = 1; patchedToc.stringIds.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedStringIdSectionOffset(); patchedToc.typeIds.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedTypeIdSectionOffset(); patchedToc.typeLists.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedTypeListSectionOffset(); patchedToc.protoIds.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedProtoIdSectionOffset(); patchedToc.fieldIds.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedFieldIdSectionOffset(); patchedToc.methodIds.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedMethodIdSectionOffset(); patchedToc.classDefs.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedClassDefSectionOffset(); patchedToc.mapList.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedMapListSectionOffset(); patchedToc.stringDatas.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedStringDataSectionOffset(); patchedToc.annotations.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedAnnotationSectionOffset(); patchedToc.annotationSets.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedAnnotationSetSectionOffset(); patchedToc.annotationSetRefLists.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedAnnotationSetRefListSectionOffset(); patchedToc.annotationsDirectories.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedAnnotationsDirectorySectionOffset(); patchedToc.encodedArrays.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedEncodedArraySectionOffset(); patchedToc.debugInfos.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedDebugInfoSectionOffset(); patchedToc.codes.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedCodeSectionOffset(); patchedToc.classDatas.off = this.patchFile.getPatchedClassDataSectionOffset(); patchedToc.fileSize = this.patchFile.getPatchedDexSize(); Arrays.sort(patchedToc.sections); patchedToc.computeSizesFromOffsets(); // 未完待续... }
这里实际上,就是读取patchFile中记录的值给patchedDex的TableOfContent中各种Section(大致对应map list中各个map_list_item)赋值。
接下来排序呢,设置byteCount等字段信息。
继续:
public void executeAndSaveTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException { // 省略第一部分代码 // Secondly, run patch algorithms according to sections' dependencies. this.stringDataSectionPatchAlg = new StringDataSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.typeIdSectionPatchAlg = new TypeIdSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.protoIdSectionPatchAlg = new ProtoIdSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.fieldIdSectionPatchAlg = new FieldIdSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.methodIdSectionPatchAlg = new MethodIdSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.classDefSectionPatchAlg = new ClassDefSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.typeListSectionPatchAlg = new TypeListSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.annotationSetRefListSectionPatchAlg = new AnnotationSetRefListSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.annotationSetSectionPatchAlg = new AnnotationSetSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.classDataSectionPatchAlg = new ClassDataSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.codeSectionPatchAlg = new CodeSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.debugInfoSectionPatchAlg = new DebugInfoItemSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.annotationSectionPatchAlg = new AnnotationSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.encodedArraySectionPatchAlg = new StaticValueSectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.annotationsDirectorySectionPatchAlg = new AnnotationsDirectorySectionPatchAlgorithm( patchFile, oldDex, patchedDex, oldToPatchedIndexMap ); this.stringDataSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.typeIdSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.typeListSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.protoIdSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.fieldIdSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.methodIdSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.annotationSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.annotationSetSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.annotationSetRefListSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.annotationsDirectorySectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.debugInfoSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.codeSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.classDataSectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.encodedArraySectionPatchAlg.execute(); this.classDefSectionPatchAlg.execute(); //未完待续... }
这一部分很明显初始化了一堆算法,然后分别去执行。我们依然是拿stringDataSectionPatchAlg来分析。
public void execute() { final int deletedItemCount = patchFile.getBuffer().readUleb128(); final int[] deletedIndices = readDeltaIndiciesOrOffsets(deletedItemCount); final int addedItemCount = patchFile.getBuffer().readUleb128(); final int[] addedIndices = readDeltaIndiciesOrOffsets(addedItemCount); final int replacedItemCount = patchFile.getBuffer().readUleb128(); final int[] replacedIndices = readDeltaIndiciesOrOffsets(replacedItemCount); final TableOfContents.Section tocSec = getTocSection(this.oldDex); Dex.Section oldSection = null; int oldItemCount = 0; if (tocSec.exists()) { oldSection = this.oldDex.openSection(tocSec); oldItemCount = tocSec.size; } // Now rest data are added and replaced items arranged in the order of // added indices and replaced indices. doFullPatch( oldSection, oldItemCount, deletedIndices, addedIndices, replacedIndices ); }
再贴一下我们写入时的规则:
- del操作的个数,每个del的index
- add操作的个数,每个add的index
- replace操作的个数,每个需要replace的index
- 最后依次写入newItemList.
看代码,读取顺序如下:
- del的数量,del的所有的index存储在一个int[]中;
- add的数量,add的所有的index存储在一个int[]中;
- replace的数量,replace的所有的index存储在一个int[]中;
是不是和写入时一致。
继续,接下来获取了oldDex中oldItems和oldItemCount。
那么现在有了:
- del count and indices
- add count add indices
- replace count and indices
- oldItems and oldItemCount
拿着我们拥有的,继续执行doFullPatch
private void doFullPatch( Dex.Section oldSection, int oldItemCount, int[] deletedIndices, int[] addedIndices, int[] replacedIndices) { int deletedItemCount = deletedIndices.length; int addedItemCount = addedIndices.length; int replacedItemCount = replacedIndices.length; int newItemCount = oldItemCount + addedItemCount - deletedItemCount; int deletedItemCounter = 0; int addActionCursor = 0; int replaceActionCursor = 0; int oldIndex = 0; int patchedIndex = 0; while (oldIndex < oldItemCount || patchedIndex < newItemCount) { if (addActionCursor < addedItemCount && addedIndices[addActionCursor] == patchedIndex) { T addedItem = nextItem(patchFile.getBuffer()); int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(addedItem); ++addActionCursor; ++patchedIndex; } else if (replaceActionCursor < replacedItemCount && replacedIndices[replaceActionCursor] == patchedIndex) { T replacedItem = nextItem(patchFile.getBuffer()); int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(replacedItem); ++replaceActionCursor; ++patchedIndex; } else if (Arrays.binarySearch(deletedIndices, oldIndex) >= 0) { T skippedOldItem = nextItem(oldSection); // skip old item. ++oldIndex; ++deletedItemCounter; } else if (Arrays.binarySearch(replacedIndices, oldIndex) >= 0) { T skippedOldItem = nextItem(oldSection); // skip old item. ++oldIndex; } else if (oldIndex < oldItemCount) { T oldItem = adjustItem(this.oldToPatchedIndexMap, nextItem(oldSection)); int patchedOffset = writePatchedItem(oldItem); ++oldIndex; ++patchedIndex; } } }
先整体上看一下,这里的目的就是往patchedDex的stringData区写数据,写的数据理论上应该是:
- 新增的数据
- 替代的数据
- oldDex中出去新增和被替代的数据
当然他们需要顺序写入。
所以看代码,首先计算出newItemCount=oldItemCount + addCount - delCount,然后开始遍历,遍历条件为0~oldItemCount或0~newItemCount。
我们期望的是,在patchIndex从0~newItemCount之间都会写入对应的Item。
Item写入通过代码我们可以看到:
- 首先判断该patchIndex是否包含在addIndices中,如果包含则写入;
- 再者判断是否在repalceIndices中,如果包含则写入;
- 然后判断如果发现oldIndex被delete或者replace,直接跳过;
- 那么最后一个index指的就是,oldIndex为非delete和replace的,也就是和newDex中items相同的部分。
上述1.2.4三个部分即可组成完整的newDex的该区域。
这样的话就完成了stringData区域的patch算法。
其他剩下的14个算法的execute代码是相同的(父类),执行的操作类似,都会完成各个部分的patch算法。
当所有的区域都完成恢复后,那么剩下的就是header和mapList了,所以回到所有算法执行完成的地方:
public void executeAndSaveTo(OutputStream out) throws IOException { //1.省略了offset的各种赋值 //2.省略了各个部分的patch算法 // Thirdly, write header, mapList. Calculate and write patched dex's sign and checksum. Dex.Section headerOut = this.patchedDex.openSection(patchedToc.header.off); patchedToc.writeHeader(headerOut); Dex.Section mapListOut = this.patchedDex.openSection(patchedToc.mapList.off); patchedToc.writeMap(mapListOut); this.patchedDex.writeHashes(); // Finally, write patched dex to file. this.patchedDex.writeTo(out); }
定位到header区域,写header相关数据;定位到map list区域,编写map list相关数据。两者都完成的时候,需要编写header中比较特殊的两个字段:签名和checkSum,因为这两个字段是依赖map list的,所以必须在编写map list后。
这样就完成了完整的dex的恢复,最后将内存中的所有数据写到文件中。
刚才我们有个Hello.dex,我们再编写一个类:
public class World{ public static void main(String[] args){ System.out.println("nani World"); } }
然后将这个类编译以及打成dx文件。
javac -source 1.7 -target 1.7 World.java dx --dex --output=World.dex World.class
这样我们就准备好了两个dex,Hello.dex和World.dex.
使用010 Editor分别打开两个dex,我们主要关注string_id_item;
两边分别13个字符串,按照我们上面介绍的diff算法,我们可以得到以下操作:
两边的字符串分别开始遍历对比:
- 如果<0 ,则认为该old Item被删除了,记录为PatchOperation.OP_DEL,并记录该oldItem index到PatchOperation对象,加入到patchOperationList中。
- 如果>0,则认为该newItem是新增的,记录为PatchOperation.OP_ADD,并记录该newItem index和value到PatchOperation对象,加入到patchOperationList中。
- 如果=0,不会生成PatchOperation。
del 1 add 1 LWorld; del 2 add 8 World.java del 10 add 11 naniWorld
然后是根据索引排序,没有变化;
接下来遍历所有的操作,将index一致且DEL和ADD相邻的操作替换为replace
replace 1 LWorld del 2 add 8 World.java del 10 add 11 naniWorld
最终在write时,会做一次遍历,将操作按DEL,ADD,REPLACE进行分类,并且将出现的item放置到newItemList中。
del ops: del 2 del 10 add ops: add 8 add 11 replace ops: replace 1
newItemList变为:
LWorld //replace 1 World.java //add 8 naniWorld //add 11
然后写入,那么写入的顺序应该是:
2 //del size 2 8 // index - lastIndex 2 // add size 8 3 // index - lastIndex 1 //replace size 1 LWorld World.java naniWorld
这里我们直接在DexPatchGenerator的writeResultToStream的相关位置打上日志:
buffer.writeUleb128(delOpIndexList.size()); System.out.println("del size = " + delOpIndexList.size()); int lastIndex = 0; for (Integer index : delOpIndexList) { buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex); System.out.println("del index = " + (index - lastIndex)); lastIndex = index; } buffer.writeUleb128(addOpIndexList.size()); System.out.println("add size = " + addOpIndexList.size()); lastIndex = 0; for (Integer index : addOpIndexList) { buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex); System.out.println("add index = " + (index - lastIndex)); lastIndex = index; } buffer.writeUleb128(replaceOpIndexList.size()); System.out.println("replace size = " + addOpIndexList.size()); lastIndex = 0; for (Integer index : replaceOpIndexList) { buffer.writeSleb128(index - lastIndex); System.out.println("replace index = " + (index - lastIndex)); lastIndex = index; } for (T newItem : newItemList) { if (newItem instanceof StringData) { buffer.writeStringData((StringData) newItem); System.out.println("stringdata = " + ((StringData) newItem).value); } }
可以看到输出为:
del size = 2 del index = 2 del index = 8 add size = 2 add index = 8 add index = 3 replace size = 2 replace index = 1 stringdata = LWorld; stringdata = World.java stringdata = nani World
与我们上述分析结果一致 ~~
那么其他区域可以用类似的方式去验证,patch的话也差不多,就不赘述了。
原文来自:
本文地址://gulass.cn/android-tinker-dexdiff.html编辑员:郭建鹏,审核员:逄增宝
本文原创地址://gulass.cn/android-tinker-dexdiff.html编辑:roc_guo,审核员:暂无